forest & wild life resource
Forest and Wildlife Resources
We human being along with all living organisms form a complex web eclogical system in which we are only a part and very much dependent on this system for our own existence.
Biodiversity : It is the sum total of all the species of plants, animals and micro-organisms living on the earth.
What is flora? What is its importance?
Flora refers to natural vegetation growing in a particular area. Flora is the only form of life that is able to convert solar energy into fool energy. Hence, flora is the source of all food requirements on which human and animal life depends.
Fauna:
Fauna refers to wildlife living in the particular area.
Importance of flora and fauna in our life
Flora and fauna are very important in our daily life because they re-create the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produces our food without which we cannot survive.
Various categories of existing plants and animals species based on IUCN :-
Normal species: Species whose population level are taken as normal for their servival,such as cattle,sal,pine etc.
Endangered Species : Species which are in danger in extinction,such as black buck,crocodile,Indian rhino,sangai etc.
Vulnerable Species : Species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to more into the endangered category in the near future,such as blue sheep,Asiatic elephant,Gangetic dolphin,etc.
Rare Species : Species which may fall into the endangered or vulnerable category in the absence of any protective support to them,such as Himalayan brown bear,wild Aiatic buffalo,desert fox,hornbill, etc.
Endemic Species : Species that are found in some particular areas. These are usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers,such as Andaman teal,Nicobar pigeon,Andaman wild pig,etc
Extinct species : species that are no more found,such as Asiatic cheetah,pink head duck, etc.
The Negative factors that cause the depletion of flora and fauna
To Fullfill the human requirenment: we obtain wood,barks,leaves,rubber,medicine,dyes,food,fuel,fodder,manure,etc from flora and fauan.
Colonilisation: The greatest daamge oon indian forest was during colonilisation period as in the colonial period due to expansion of railways,agriculture,commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities.
Agricultural expansion:Between 1951 and 1980,according to the forest survey of india ,over 26,200sq.km of forest areas was converted into agricultural land all over india.
Shifting Cultivation:it also lead to decline of flora and fauan,In Shifting Cultivation an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored.
Large-scale development project:It is also contributed significantly to the loss of forests.Since 1951,over 5,000sq km of forest was cleared for river vally projects.
Mining:it has disturbed the natural habitat of several species and blocked the migration of several other animals.
How far do you believe that grazing and fuel wood collection are responsible for degrading forest?
Some people believe that grazing by cattle and fuel-wood collection are the important factors responsible for degrading forests.
There may be some substance in this view. But this is not the truth; we need not overemphasis the weight of this factor. To meet the demand for fodder or fuel, it is not necessary to feel the trees; the need can be met simply by lopping. Hence, these practices need not cause any damage to forests.
What are the major factor,which have lead to the decline in indian's biodiversity?
Habitat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over-exploitation
Environmental pollution
Forest fire
How does deforestation affect the poor households?
Poor lose their source of survival.
Women have to bear a greater burden and spend more them and energy to collect the forest products from distant areas.
This causes serious health problems for women and, hence negligence of home and children.
Deforestation causes both drought and floods. The poor bear the burden of these.
Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?
Wildlife and the forests are the measure of the biodiversity of a particular region. By conserving the wildlife and forest we are ensuring that all diverse species in an area survive, breed and flourish.
Conservation of wildlife and forests is vital for the ecological stability of a particular area.
It is important that we conserve wildlife and forests which we have inherited because they constitute our most precious wealth.
Forests are the habitat for wildlife and they are an important constituent of the various food chains and food webs. Forests are needed for the smooth functioning of biogeochemical cycles.
Forests are necessary for the formation of humus and for maintaining soil fertility.
Forests puri air and protect the earth from greenhouse effect by removing carbon dioxide and converting it into oxygen. Thus forests protect us from the harmfril effects of global warming.
Many industries such as the sport equipment industry paper industry, lac manufacturing industry, the timber industry and furniture industry depend on forests.
Forests provide a place for the local people for their animals to graze and provide them with many useful products such as fire wood, fishing, hunting and agricultural implements.
Many fruits, medicines, dyes, sandalwood and bamboo is obtained from forests by the local people.
Forests provide employment to a large number of people and also help in generating revenue.
The indian wildlife (protection)ACt was toward where?
The thrust of the Indian wildlife (protection)ACt was toward protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting ,giving legal protection to there habitats,and restricting trade in wildlife.
Protected Forests : Those forests, where the local community enjoys the privileges of certain forests rights, subject to certain restrictions.Bihar,Haryana,punjab,Himachal pradesh,Orissa and Rajasthan have bulk of it under protected forests.
Reserved Forest :In these forests the rights of the community to collect timber and fuelwood, and other minor forests products are suspended for specified terms.Jammu and kashmir,Andhra pradesh,Uttaranchal,kerala,Tamil Nadu,West Bengal,and Maharashtra have large percentage of reserved forest of its total forest regions.
Unclassed Forests: There are other forest and west land belonging to both government and private individual and communities.All North-eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high percentage of there forest as un-classed forests managed by local communities.
National park:A reserved area for preserving its natural vegetation, natural beauty and the wildlife in that region is known as a national park.
Permanent forest:Reserved and Protected forests are also referred to as Permanent forest estates maintained for the aim of producing timber and other forest product,and for protective reasons.M.P has large area under permanent forest about 75 per cent of its total forest area.
State the steps needed to conserve wildlife.
General awareness about wildlife should be created at all levels.
The existing forests should be protected and expanded.
Natural habitat should be created for specific wild specie whose number is falling.
Breeding centres for some of the endangered species should be developed.
Trade in skins, horns and ivory bones of endangered species should be prohibited.
National parks and wildlife sanctuaries should be established in large numbers.
How communities have conserved and protected forest and wildlife in india?
Communities ares truggling to conserve and protect forest and wildlife along with government officials,recognising that only this will secure their own long term livelihood.in many areas ,villagers themsilves are protecting habitat and explicitly rejcting government involvement.The famous Chipko Movement in the himalayas has shown that community afforestation can be enormously successful.Also the joint Forest Management(JFM)furbishes a good example.
LoOk ThIs AlsO
Joint Forest Management: It often abbreviated as JFM is the official and popular term in India for partnerships in forest management involving both the state forest departments and local communities.
Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.
In the 1960s and 1970s,conservationists demanded national wildlife protection programme.The indian wildlife protection act was implemented in 1972s,with various provisions for protecting habits,subsequently,central and many state government established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
The central government also announced several project for protecting specific animals,which were gravely threatened,including the tiger,the one horned rhinoceros,the Kashmir stage,three types of crocodiles -Fresh water crocodiles ,salt water crocodiles and Gharial. and many other
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