Division of the society on the basis of language, region, caste, colour or race and sex. It signifies linguistic and regional diversity.
Social Difference:
The differences among the individuals on the basis of social characteristics and qualities are known as social differences. Social differences are the complex differences and they include class, race, culture, age, ability, sex etc. Social differences can create discrimination among the individuals on the basis of their social characteristics. For example, if in a society, individuals with high status are given more respect and importance as compare to the poor or homeless people then it is a social difference. Social differences can create a lot of problems in a society because discrimination always result in inequality, inferiority complex and other social problems.
The black power:
It was a movement started by black people in 1966 against racialism and the practice of apartheid. It was a militant movement advocating even violence if necessary to end racism in the US.
‘Most of the social differences are based on accident of birth.’ Explain.
The social differences are mostly based on accident of birth. Normally, we don’t choose to belong to our community. We belong to it simply because we were born to it. We all experience social differences based on accident of birth in our everyday lives. People around us are male or female, they are tall and short, have different kinds of complexions, or have different physical abilities or disabilities.
Name the two athletes who raised the issue of Civil Rights in the Mexico Olympics. What methods were used by them?
Tommie Smith and John Carlos
‘Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions.’ Explain.
Explain the overlapping and cross-cutting differences.
Overlapping differences
1. These social divisions take place when some social differences overlaps with many other differences.
2. The difference between the Blacks and Whites becomes a social division in the United States because historically most of the Blacks are poor, homeless and discriminated.
3. In India, the Dalits tend to be poor and landless. They often face discrimination and injustice.
4. These kinds of situation produce social divisions which are harmful for democracy, and weaken the basic foundation of democracy.
5. When one kind of social difference become more important than any other, and people start feeling that, they belong to different communities then this can lead to the disintegration of the country.
Cross-cutting differences
1. Under cross cutting differences, people share common interest on one issue but are likely to be on different side on another issue.
2. Cross-cutting social differences are easier to accommodate.
3. Netherland and Northern Ireland are Christian countries divided into Catholics and Protestants.
4. In Netherland class and religion tend to cut across each other. This means Catholics and the Protestants are about equally likely to be poor or rich.
What are the bases of social differences?
Social Differences are based on two main factors:
1. On the basis of accident of Birth
2. On the basis of our choices.
Differences on the basis of Birth
Differences on the basis of choices
What is a homogenous society? Give two examples.
A society that has similar kinds of people, especially where there are no significant ethnic differences. For example, Germany and Sweden.
Migrants:
Anybody who shifts from one region or country to another region within a country or to another country for the purpose of work or other economic opportunities.
Mention one impact of migration.
The process of migration is converting the homogeneous countries into heterogeneous countries because migrants bring with them their own culture, and tend to form a different social community.
How you can say that we can belong to more than one social group and have more than one identity?
It is common for people belonging to the same religion to feel that they do not belong to the same community because there cast is very different. For example, Poor and rich persons from the same family often do not keep close relations with each other because they feel that they are very different.Thus we can say that we can belong to more than one community at the same time and we can have different identities in the different contexts.
Social difference can divide equal people from one another,but they also unite very different individual.Explain with example
Smith and Carlos were similar in one way (both were African-American) and thus different from norman who was white.But they were also equal in another way that they were all athletes who stood aginst racial discrimination.
In this example they all were equal because they were athlets and also different because one of them were white.So social difference can divide equal people and also unite different people for example they unite black and white people.
With help of example prove that cross-cutting differences is much easy to adjust than overlapping differences.
Notherland and Nothern ireland, both were mostly Christian but divided between Protestants and Catholic.In Northern Ireland Religion and Class overlap with each other.if you are Catholic,you may have suffered a history of discrimination,and you are also more likely ot be poor.In Netherlands,Religion and Class cross cut each other.Protestants and Catholic are about likely to be rich and poor.The result is that Protestants and Catholic have had conflict in Northern Irelands,while they do not do so in Netherlands.So we can say that Overlapping social differences make possibilities of deep social tensions and division.Cross-cutting social differences are easier to adjust or accommodate.
How are the social divisions reflected in politics? Explain.
1. Political parties talk about social divisions, make different promises to different communities, look after due representation of various communities, and make policies to redress the grievances of the disadvantaged communities.
2. Social divisions affect voting in most countries. People from one community tend to prefer a party more than others. In many countries, there are parties that focus only on one community.
How do social divisions affect politics?
Negative Impact
1. It would appear that the combination of politics and social divisions is very dangerous and explosive.
2. Democracy involves competition among various political units/parties. Their competition tends to divide the society.
3. If they start competing in terms of some existing social divisions it can make social division into political divisions and lead to conflict, violence or even disintegration of a country.
Positive Impact
1. At the same time every expression of social divisions in politics does not lead to such disasters because wherever social divisions exist, they are reflected in politics.
2. In democracy political parties would talk about these divisions, they make different promises to different communities, look after due representation of various communities.
3. Social divisions also affect voting in most countries. People from one community tend to prefer some party more than others.
What are the three determinants to accommodate social divisions in politics?
When does social differences became social division.
When one type of social diffrences overlap another.
Mention two element to show the diversity in India?
1.Diversity of Language :There are more than 400 spoken language in India.
2.Diversity of Religions: There are a variety of Religions in India which include Hinduism,Christianity,Janism,Budhism and Sikhism etc.
With help of example prove that Social division in politics can lead to violence.
For this we will take the example of Northern Ireland which is the region of UK. Its population is divided in to two main group Catholic (44%)and Protestants(53%).The Catholic were represented by Nationalist parties who demanded that Northern Irelands be unified with Republic of Ireland,a perdominantly Catholic Nation.The protestants were represented by Unionists who desired to remain with UK,which is perdominantly Protestants.Hundreds of civilians,security,forces and militants in this fight between Nationalist and Unionist and between Nationalist and security forces of UK.So, this show that when social division is mixed with politics it can lead to violence.But it is mostly depend on Overlapping and Cross- cutting differences and also on the three determinants.So if there is social division in any country there is nothing to worry about because it outcome depend on following:-
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